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This research is concerned with studying the political role of Dr. "Tawfiq Rushdi Aras" and analyzing his political personality, by touching on his life, education, career activity and political role during the late era of Ottoman empire, especially during the era of the second conditionality and the rule of the federations (Committee of Itihad and Taraqi) (1908-1918 AD), and all the accidents that occurred during that time starting with the Balkan wars (1912-1913AD) and ending with the First World War (1914-1918AD), which ended with the loss of the Ottoman Empire and dividing its possessions among the victorious countries.