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In the title compound, C13H10N4O5, the aromatic ring planes are close to perpendicular [dihedral angle = 75.94 (5)°] and the C—N—N—C torsion angle is 88.7 (2)°. Both nitro groups lie close to their attached ring plane, with C—C—N—O torsion angles of 3.1 (2) and 5.3 (2)°. This allows for the formation of an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond, which closes an S(6) ring. In the crystal, N—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into zigzag chains extending along [100].