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The industrial structure determines the trade structure, and industrial upgrading has an important impact on the development of trade. Taking China's three marine economic circles as the research object, the evaluation index system is constructed from five dimensions: industrial base, foreign trade scale, foreign trade competitiveness, foreign trade structure and foreign trade benefit. The fuzzy matter-element model is used to measure the high quality development level of foreign trade in three marine economic circles. Through the panel fixed effect model and the panel threshold model, this paper empirically analyzed the impact of industrial structure upgrading on the high-quality development of foreign trade. The results showed that: (1) from 2011 to 2019, the quality development level of foreign trade in China's three marine economic circles showed a significant upward trend, and the average score of high-quality development was eastern marine economic circle > southern marine economic circle > northern marine economic circle. (2) The industrial structure of the three marine economic circles had obvious effect of rationalization and upgrading, while the change of industrial structure was relatively slow. On the whole, the industrial upgrading effect of the southern and eastern marine economic circle was better, while the northern economic circle had declined in recent years. (3) The optimization and upgrading of industrial structure had a significant impact on the high-quality development of foreign trade in the three marine economic circles. At the present stage, the rationalization of industrial structure shows the nonlinear influence of single threshold effect, and presents a "U" shaped influence relationship to the high-quality development of foreign trade. Enhancing the level of regional economic development and the scale of foreign trade development and increasing innovative input to improve regional innovation ability have positive effects on promoting high-quality development of foreign trade in the three marine economic circles.