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A surface acoustic wave (SAW) device with an aluminum nitride (AlN) composite structure of Al₂O₃/IDTs/AlN/Metal/Si was proposed for sensing at extreme high-temperature in this work. Optimization allowing determination of optimal design parameters for SAW devices was conducted using the typical coupling of modes (COM) model. The SAW propagation characteristics in the layered structure were investigated theoretically by employing the finite element method (FEM). Multiple acoustic-wave modes that occurred in the AlN composite structure was analyzed, and the corresponding suppression of spurious mode was proposed. The COM simulation parameters corresponding to the effective acoustic-wave mode were extracted, and the optimized parameters of the one–port SAW resonator with a high-quality factor were determined.