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Nanocrystalline Skinnerite (Cu<sub>3</sub>SbS<sub>3</sub>) Prepared by High-Energy Milling in a Laboratory and an Industrial Mill and Its Optical and Optoelectrical Properties
oleh: Erika Dutková, María Jesús Sayagués, Martin Fabián, Matej Baláž, Jaroslav Kováč, Jaroslav Kováč Junior, Martin Stahorský, Marcela Achimovičová, Zdenka Lukáčová Bujňáková
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2022-12-01 |
Deskripsi
Copper, antimony and sulfur in elemental form were applied for one-pot solid-state mechanochemical synthesis of skinnerite (Cu<sub>3</sub>SbS<sub>3</sub>) in a laboratory mill and an industrial mill. This synthesis was completed after 30 min of milling in the laboratory mill and 120 min in the industrial mill, as corroborated by X-ray diffraction. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of pure monoclinic skinnerite prepared in the laboratory mill and around 76% monoclinic skinnerite, with the secondary phases famatinite (Cu<sub>3</sub>SbS<sub>4</sub>; 15%), and tetrahedrite (Cu<sub>11.4</sub>Sb<sub>4</sub>S<sub>13</sub>; 8%), synthesized in the industrial mill. The nanocrystals were agglomerated into micrometer-sized grains in both cases. Both samples were nanocrystalline, as was confirmed with HRTEM. The optical band gap of the Cu<sub>3</sub>SbS<sub>3</sub> prepared in the laboratory mill was determined to be 1.7 eV with UV–Vis spectroscopy. Photocurrent responses verified with I–V measurements under dark and light illumination and Cu<sub>3</sub>SbS<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals showed ~45% enhancement of the photoresponsive current at a forward voltage of 0.6 V. The optical and optoelectrical properties of the skinnerite (Cu<sub>3</sub>SbS<sub>3</sub>) prepared via laboratory milling are interesting for photovoltaic applications.