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Severe intrauterine anemia of unknown cause presents a diagnostic challenge. We describe a Norwegian case, managed successfully by intrauterine transfusions, that further investigations demonstrated to be due to a rare type of thalassemia. A deletion of the 5’ end of the β globin gene cluster was characterized, the breakpoints sequenced and a new type of ɛγγδβ thalassemia identified. This case highlights the need to consider diagnoses of rare conditions not normally associated with a particular population.