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Coordination polymers (CPs) are a diverse class of multi-dimensional compounds that show promise as photocatalysts for degrading dyes in polluted water. Herein, a new 1D Cd(II)-based coordination polymer with the formula [Cd(bpyp)(nba)₂] (<b>1</b>) (bpyp = 2,5-bis(pyrid-4-yl)pyridine and Hnba = 4-nitrobenzoic acid) is synthesized and characterized. In <b>1</b>, the two carboxyl groups of two different nba⁻ ligands show <i>μ</i>₂-η¹:η¹ and <i>μ</i>₁-η¹:η¹ coordination modes to connect the Cd^II centers and sit on either side of the chain along the <i>b</i> direction. The produced CP <b>1</b> was utilized as the photocatalyst in the process of the photodegradation of methyl blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), rhodamine B (RhB), and methyl violet (MV) dyes when exposed to UV light. The photocatalytic degradation activities of CP <b>1</b> were analyzed, and the results suggest that it exhibits an extraordinary efficiency in the degradation of MB, MV, MO, and RhB. RhB has a 95.52% efficiency of degradation, whereas MV has a 58.92% efficiency, MO has 35.44%, and MB has 29.24%. The photodecomposition of dyes is catalyzed mostly by •O₂⁻ and •OH⁻, as shown by research involving the trapping of radicals.