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In order to investigate the chemical characteristics of aerosol pollution including PM₁ and PM_2.5 in Handan, the offline sampling campaign was conducted and the concentrations of total water-soluble inorganic ions (TWSI), carbonaceous components (OC and EC) were analyzed. The average concentrations were 88.5 μg/m³ for PM₁ and 122 μg/m³ for PM_2.5, and the corresponding ratios of PM₁ versus PM_2.5 on non-pollution, mild-moderate pollution and heavy pollution were 0.67, 0.70 and 0.77, respectively. TWSI and OC accounted for 43.2% and 15.4% in PM₁, 41.8% and 16.0% in PM_2.5. Secondary components in PM_2.5 and PM₁ increased with heavy pollution, SNA (SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺) was enriched in PM₁ but SOC (Secondary Organic Carbon) was more enriched in PM_1–2.5. Furthermore, for evaluating the effect of aerosol feedback the WRF-Chem model was applied to identify the aerosol-radiation interaction of aerosol feedback influence on the PM_2.5 concentration and various meteorological factors in Handan. The results indicated that the aerosol radiative effects will result in an average 32.62%(36.18 W/m²) decrease in downward short wave flux at ground surface (SWDOWN), an average 17.52% (39.15 m) and 0.16% (0.44 K) decrease in planetary boundary layer height(PBLH) and surface temperature (T2). The wind speed at 10 m (WS) and relative humidity (RH) will be increased by about 4.16%(0.11 m/s) and 1.89% (0.78%), respectively.