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<i>Curculigo orchioides</i> Gaertn. is a precious herb used in traditional medicine systems in Asian countries for various health benefits. This study investigated the potential protective effects of <i>C. orchioides</i> extract on reproductive health under heat stress conditions in male mice. Forty-eight mice were divided into eight groups, control condition (C group), <i>C. orchioides</i> extract at the dosages of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day (C100, C200, C400 group), 40 °C heat exposure (H group), and combined 40 °C heat exposure and <i>C. orchioides</i> extract at the dosages of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day (HC100, HC200, HC400 group). The result shows that the mice that received only <i>C. orchioides</i> extract without heat stress do not have a significant change in histological structure and testosterone level. The histological analysis of testicular tissue showed that heat stress conditions reduced reproductive function and inhibited the spermatogenesis of male mice. The <i>C. orchioides</i> rhizome extract treatment attenuated the heat stress-induced spermatogenesis complications in the murine model. Mice in the heat-stress group treated with <i>C. orchioides</i> extract had increased spermatogenic cells and spermatozoa compared with mice exposed to heat without <i>C. orchioides</i> treatment. Moreover, the aqueous extract of <i>C. orchioides</i> rhizome enhanced the serum total testosterone levels in heat-exposed mice. In conclusion, the study findings validate that <i>C. orchioides</i> is effective against heat stress-induced spermatogenesis complications in the murine model.