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We previously described the biosynthesis, isolation, and immunosuppressive activity of the selenium-containing polysaccharide fraction isolated from the mycelial culture of <i>Lentinula edodes</i>. Structural studies have shown that the fraction was a protein-containing mixture of high molar mass polysaccharides α- and β-glucans. However, which of the components of the complex fraction is responsible for the immunosuppressive activity non-typical for polysaccharides of fungal origin has not been explained. In the current study, we defined four-polysaccharide components of the Se-containing polysaccharide fraction determined their primary structure and examined the effect on T- and B-cell proliferation. The isolated Se-polysaccharides, α-1,4-glucan (M_w 2.25 × 10⁶ g/mol), unbranched β-1,6-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucan, unbranched β-1,3-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucan and β-1,3-branched β-1,6-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucan (M_w 1.10 × 10⁵ g/mol), are not typical as components of the cell wall of <i>L. edodes</i>. All are biologically active, but the inhibitory effect of the isolated polysaccharides on lymphocyte proliferation was weaker, though more selective than that of the crude fraction.