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Despite the substantial interest in intelligence, both natural and artificial, and active research in this area, there is still considerable disagreement about what exactly constitutes intelligence. The problem-oriented approach to intelligence is based on evaluation of intelligence of a system by the level of problems this system is able to solve. The goal of this work is to develop a problem-oriented theory of intelligence in such a way that ecological characteristics become parameters of the problem-oriented model of intelligence. This model is constructed using mathematical theories and algorithmic reasoning. The suggested approach allows the reorganizing of the existing typologies of intelligence developed in works of different psychologists, providing better theoretical tools for intelligence measurement and evaluation.