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Skin scars, mainly including hypertrophic scars and keloids, are damage-induced diseases with changes in skin tissue appearance and histopathology. The pathogenesis of scars has not yet been fully elucidated and the differential diagnosis of scars mainly relies on medical history, clinical features and skin biopsy. The treatment should be based on adequate assessment of scar and risk. At present, domestic and abroad experts have proposed new treatment options for hypertrophic scars and keloids, and have new understandings of drugs, surgery, photoelectricity and radiation therapy. This article mainly reviews the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of scars.