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Oxalate nephropathy is a rare but irreversible etiology for acute renal function impairment, and often caused by poisoning, inflammatory bowel disease, excessive food ingestion, and surgery. Herein, we have reported the case of a 65-year-old man with gallbladder cancer who developed progressive renal function deterioration several months after Roux-en-Y surgery. The patient's renal biopsy showed oxalate nephropathy, and his renal function impairment eventually required long-term dialysis. Therefore, oxalate nephropathy should be considered in patients with unexplained renal function impairment after Roux-en-Y surgery.