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Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was modified with SiO2 (P–Si), TiO2 (P–Ti), and ZrO2 (P–Zr) nanoparticles, alongside LiCl. The modification aimed to enhance hydrophilicity, influence membrane porosity, and improve anti-fouling properties. Increased hydrophilicity was confirmed with reduction of contact angle from 89.8° to 64° for P–Zr membrane. Highest porosity of 81.986, highest water permeability (112.64 L/m2.h) and FRR of 96.9% were achieved for P–Zr membrane. However, the P–Si exhibited the highest BOD rejection (99.76%), and P–Zr displayed the highest TOC rejection (96%). Overall, modification with ZrO2–LiCl offering superior performance. These findings are significant for advancing UF membrane anti-fouling in oily wastewater treatment.