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Formation of super-hydrophobic and corrosion-resistant coatings can provide significant corrosion protection to magnesium alloys. However, it remains a grand challenge to produce such coatings for magnesium-lithium alloys due to their high chemical reactivity. Herein, a one-step hydrothermal processing was developed using a stearic-acid-based precursor medium, which enables the hydrothermal conversion and the formation of low surface energy materials concurrently to produce the super-hydrophobic and corrosion-resistant coating. The multiscale microstructures with nanoscale stacks and microscale spheres on the surface, as well as the through-thickness stearates, lead to the super-hydrophobicity and excellent corrosion resistance of the obtained coating.