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In November 1950, a relatively modern factory, called Alpha, was established in Javadiyeh district of Tehran. It was the first factory of milk pasteurization in Iran, which started by pasteurizing five tons of milk per day and manufacturing dairy products. The factory was under official health supervision of Pasteur Institute of Iran and had a significant contribution to the improvement of the quality of products. In 1958, the ministry of health established a central laboratory for monitoring of food products, which lifted the official supervision of the Pasteur Institute of Iran. In 1959, despite having advanced equipment, the factory was closed due to bankruptcy. This article tells the story of the first factory of milk and dairy products pasteurization in Iran and the challenges it faced.