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Mimosa pudica, a typical sensitive plant, belongs to Mimosa (Fabaceae). It is well known for the rapid plant movement. In this study, we determined the complete chloroplast genome of M. pudica using the Illumina reads. The complete chloroplast genome of M. pudica is 163,237 bp in length, comprising a large single-copy region (LSC) of 92,045 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 18,786 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,203 bp each. The genome contained 129 encoded genes in total, including 84 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 37 transfer RNA genes. The overall GC content of the M. pudica chloroplast genome is 35.53%. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships for 19 mimosoid species. It was revealed that M. pudica was closely related to Piptadenia communis.