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A novel 1D/2D Bi₂O₂CO₃–BiOI heterojunction photocatalyst with high-quality interfaces was synthesized through a hydrothermal method by using Bi₂O₂CO₃ nanorods and KI as raw materials. Two-dimensional (2D) BiOI nanosheets uniformly and vertically grow on the 1D porous Bi₂O₂CO₃ rods. Bi₂O₂CO₃–BiOI heterojunctions exhibit better photocatalytic activity than pure Bi₂O₂CO₃ nanorods and BiOI nanosheets. Cr(VI) (30 mg/L), MO (20 mg/L) and BPA (20 mg/L) can be completely degraded in 8–15 min. The superior photocatalytic performance of 1D/2D Bi₂O₂CO₃–BiOI heterojunction is ascribed to the synergistic effects: (a) vertical 2D on 1D multidimensional structure; (b) the formation of the Bi₂O₂CO₃–BiOI p–n heterojunction; (c) high-quality interfaces between Bi₂O₂CO₃ and BiOI.