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The article dedicates to the study of microelements in the blood serum of women of reproductive age, with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism (subclinical and manifest), living in disadvantaged areas of the Aral Sea region. This article presents the study of 1154 women. Every fourth woman (25%) has an essential deficiency of such microelements like iodine, selenium, iron, zinc independently of thyroid function. Our study discovered negative associations of TSH concentration with essential microelements like manganese, copper, selenium, and positiveassociation with iodine. We also obtain positive relationships between AT-TPO and zinc and iodine. The relationship of zinc with AT – TPO level and thyroid status, especially in the regions with sufficient ioduria among residents,require further researchto study it’spossible effecton thyroid dysfunctions. We established positive associations of free T4 with essential microelements like manganese, iron, and negative association with iodine. Estimation of thyroid status and toxic microelementsrevealed positive association of free T4 with cadmium, nickel, and lead, and negativewith mercury.