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Because nanoparticles have particular characteristics, such as small size and surface effects, nano⁃TiO2 is widely used in air purification, wastewater treatment and self⁃cleaning. In recent years, TiO2 photocatalysis has thorough⁃ ly explored as a new titanium implant surface treatment method. Photocatalytic performance is better for TiO2 nanowires than for nano⁃TiO2 particles. Hence, these nanowires have received widespread attention with regard for their more spe⁃ cific surface area and surface energy, improved charge carrier transport efficiency, and enhanced charge collection effi⁃ ciency. Photon⁃generated carrier transport moves in a one dimensional straight path along a nanowire, and this could de⁃ crease photoelectron loss. In this paper, we summarized the principles underlying, factors that influence, and applica⁃ tions involving TiO2 nanowire photocatalysis. Additionally, we describe its method of preparation and toxicity