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This essay explores the similarities and differences between the ideas of cosmopolitanism of José Ortega y Gasset and Alfonso Reyes. These ideas are studied in the more general context of their views on the historical significance of Europe and America. The aim is to show how both authors formulated a specific form of cosmopolitanism whose purpose was the transformation of their respective national realities through social, political and intellectual action. To achieve this goal, this essay studies chronologically the texts that Ortega and Reyes dedicated directly to cosmopolitanism, as well as their most relevant works on Europe and America.