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Aircraft icing detection system is very important to guarantee flight safety. It is also a new problem to assess safety of the aircraft icing detection system. The major function of aircraft icing detection system is analyzed by fault tree analysis method in this paper. The fault tree of icing detection system is built and simplified, and then the minimal cut sets are calculated and discussed here. According to qualitative analysis results, the requirements of icing detection system on aircraft top-level design are suggested. The quantitative analysis results show that the system design can meet the failure rate of icing detection system requirements.