Ammonia emission estimates using CrIS satellite observations over Europe

oleh: J. Ding, R. van der A, H. Eskes, E. Dammers, M. Shephard, R. Wichink Kruit, M. Guevara, L. Tarrason

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: Copernicus Publications 2024-09-01

Deskripsi

<p>Over the past century, ammonia (<span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span>) emissions have increased with the growth of livestock and fertilizer usage. The abundant <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> emissions lead to secondary fine particulate matter (PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span>) pollution, climate change, and a reduction in biodiversity, and they affect human health. Up-to-date and spatially and temporally resolved information on <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> emissions is essential to better quantify their impact. In this study we applied the existing Daily Emissions Constrained by Satellite Observations (DECSO) algorithm to <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> observations from the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) to estimate <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> emissions. Because <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> in the atmosphere is influenced by nitrogen oxides (<span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span>), we implemented DECSO to estimate <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> and <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> emissions simultaneously. The emissions are derived over Europe for 2020 on a spatial resolution of <span class="inline-formula">0.2<i>°</i>×0.2<i>°</i></span> using daily observations from both CrIS and the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI; on the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite). Due to the limited number of daily satellite observations of <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span>, monthly emissions of <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> are reported. The total <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> emissions derived from observations are about 8 <span class="inline-formula">Tg yr<sup>−1</sup></span>, with a precision of about 5 %–17 % per grid cell per year over the European domain (35–55° N, 10° W–30° E). The comparison of the satellite-derived <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> emissions from DECSO with independent bottom-up inventories and in situ observations indicates a consistency in terms of magnitude on the country totals, with the results also being comparable regarding the temporal and spatial distributions. The validation of DECSO over Europe implies that we can use DECSO to quickly derive fairly accurate monthly emissions of <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> over regions with limited local information on <span class="inline-formula">NH<sub>3</sub></span> emissions.</p>