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Fermentation of Dairy-Relevant Sugars by <i>Saccharomyces</i>, <i>Kluyveromyces</i>, and <i>Brettanomyces</i>: An Exploratory Study with Implications for the Utilization of Acid Whey, Part I
oleh: Viviana K. Rivera Flores, Timothy A. DeMarsh, Patrick A. Gibney, Samuel D. Alcaine
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2021-11-01 |
Deskripsi
Acid whey from Greek-style yogurt (YAW) is an underutilized byproduct and a challenge for the dairy industry. One alternative is the fermentation of YAW by yeasts such as <i>Saccharomyces</i>, <i>Brettanomyces</i>, and <i>Kluyveromyces</i> spp., to produce new styles of fermented beverages. Previous research in our group suggested that the sugar profiles of the dairy coproducts impacted the fermentation profiles produced by <i>B. claussenii</i>. The present work aims to describe the fermentation of dairy sugars by <i>S. cerevisiae</i>, <i>K. marxianus</i>, and <i>B. claussenii</i>, under conditions comparable to those of YAW. For this purpose, four preparations of yeast nitrogen base, each containing 40 g/L of either lactose (LAC), glucose (GLU), galactose (GAL), or a 1:1 mixture of glucose and galactose (GLU:GAL), all at pH 4.20, were used as fermentation media. The fermentation was performed independently by each organism at 25 °C under anoxic conditions, while density, pH, cell count, ethanol, and organic acids were monitored. Non-linear modeling was used to characterize density curves, and Analysis of Variance and Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference tests were used to compare fermentation products. <i>K. marxianus</i> and <i>S. cerevisiae</i> displayed rapid sugar consumption with consistent ethanol yields in all media, as opposed to <i>B. claussenii</i>, which showed more variable results. The latter organism exhibited what appears to be a selective glucose fermentation in GLU:GAL, which will be explored in the future. These results provide a deeper understanding of dairy sugar utilization by relevant yeasts, allowing for future work to optimize fermentations to improve value-added beverage and ingredient production from YAW.