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The soil quality of plantations with different planting patterns and the effect of soil quality on stoichiometry provide a theoretical basis for the selection of <i>Zanthoxylum planispinum</i> var. <i>dintanensis</i> (hereafter <i>Z. planispinum</i>) planting patterns and nutrient management. Four mixed plantations: <i>Z. planispinum</i> + <i>Prunus salicina</i>, <i>Z. planispinum</i> + <i>Sophora tonkinensis</i>, <i>Z. planispinum</i> + <i>Arachis hypogaea</i>, and <i>Z. planispinum</i> + <i>Lonicera japonica</i>, and a monoculture <i>Z. planispinum</i> plantation were selected to clarify the effect of soil quality on stoichiometry. The results showed that the soil quality index (SQI) of <i>Z. planispinum</i> + <i>L. japonica</i> (1.678) was the highest, indicating that it was the preferred planting combination and that it was significantly limited by soil water content (SWC). The nutrient forms, SWC, and pH all have significant effects on processes such as nutrient transformation and cycling. The contributions of total Ca and total Mg in soil nutrients to stoichiometry were relatively high, while the effect of SQI on stoichiometry was not significant. The microbial stoichiometry ratio was mainly influenced by microbial biomass phosphorus, reflecting that microorganisms have strong internal stability. Strong interactions among soil factors occur, affecting elemental geochemical processes. The regulatory effects of different soil factors on their stoichiometry should be emphasized.