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Background and purpose. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in adult population and represents an independent risk factor for stroke with an annual risk for thromboembolic events for chronic fibrillation estimated at three to six percentage. The risk of stroke is five time more frequent in AF patients and the outcome of the ischemic stroke in AF patients is worse than other forms of ischemic stroke. There are few data regarding the specific management and outcome of the 200,000 estimated AF patients in Romania. The aim of the present study (part of the FACTS program) was to determine the characteristics of patients with AF/AFl and their management. In this paper we have analyzed the characteristics of the subgroup of patients with history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods and results. From March 2011 to April 2012 a total of 3700 patients from 27 sites, ambulatories or hospitals, were enrolled including regions all over the country. Of this cohort 374 patients had documented history of stroke or TIA. Hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, associated diseases (cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular) statistically correlate with history of stroke/TIA. CHADS2 and CHA2DS2Vasc scores had higher values for patients with stroke/TIA. Conclusion. This database (part of the Romanian AF Registry) offers an insight into patient’s characteristics with AF/AFl and stoke/TIA history and provides comprehensive data that will allow a range of evaluation at national level and contribute to better understand the management of AF/AFl in Romania. Next evaluation aims to analyze anticoagulant therapy in patients with AF and especially of those with stroke/TIA history.