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<i>Background and Objective</i>: Patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring sensitizing epidermal growth factor receptor (<i>EGFR</i>) mutations show a good response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). The subsequent treatments influence the evaluability of the efficacy of front-line therapy on overall survival (OS). Consequently, we evaluated the associations of relapse-free survival (RFS) and post-progression survival (PPS) with OS in patients who exhibited postoperative relapse of <i>EGFR</i>-mutated NSCLC. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: We analyzed the data of 35 patients with <i>EGFR</i>-mutated NSCLC who underwent complete resection between January 2007 and June 2019. The correlations of RFS and PPS with OS were evaluated at the individual patient level. <i>Results:</i> Linear regression and Spearman’s rank correlation analyses demonstrated that the PPS highly correlated with OS (<i>r</i> = 0.91, <i>p</i> < 0.05, <i>R</i>² = 0.85), whereas the RFS weakly associated with OS (<i>r</i> = 0.36, <i>p</i> < 0.05, <i>R</i>² = 0.25). Age and performance status at relapse were significantly associated with PPS. <i>Conclusion</i>: Overall, PPS was more strongly and significantly associated with OS than RFS. These results suggest that the OS of our cohort may be affected by treatments, besides postoperative relapse. However, larger-scale prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.