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With the rapid development of neuroelectrophysiology, neuroimaging and other technologies, a large amount of evidence has shown the occurrence and development of epilepsy was closely related to cortico⁃subcortical neural network. This paper aims to review the relevant studies on the involvement of subcortical structures such as thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, basal ganglia and brainstem in the occurrence and development of epilepsy, as well as some important targets of subcortical nucleus for the treatment of drug⁃resistant epilepsy (DRE) by neuroregulation, in order to provide help for the exploration of new intervention targets for epilepsy treatment.