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T-2 Toxin Exposure Induces Apoptosis in TM3 Cells by Inhibiting Mammalian Target of Rapamycin/Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase(mTORC2/AKT) to Promote Ca<sup>2+</sup>Production
oleh: Ji Wang, Chenglin Yang, Zhihang Yuan, Jine Yi, Jing Wu
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2018-10-01 |
Deskripsi
Although mTOR (the mammalian target of rapamycin) can regulate intracellular free Ca<sup>2+</sup>concentration in normal cultured podocytes, it remains elusive as to how mTORC2/AKT-mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup>participates in the process of T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis. The potential signaling responsible for intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration changes was investigated using immunoblot assays in an in vitro model of TM3 cell injury induced by T-2 toxin. Changes in Ca<sup>2+</sup> were assessed using the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensitive fluorescent indictor dye Fura 2-AM. The cytotoxicity of TM3 cells was assessed with an MTT bioassay, and apoptosis was measured using Annexin V-FITC staining. Following T-2 toxin treatment, the growth of cells, phospho-mTORSer2481, phospho-mTORSer2448, and phospho-AktSer473 were significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner, whereas Ca<sup>2+</sup> and apoptosis were increased. T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis was prevented by BAPTA-AM (a Ca<sup>2+</sup>chelator) and MHY1485 (an mTOR activator), and the application of mTOR activator MHY1485 also prevented the increase of intracellular free Ca<sup>2+</sup>concentration in TM3 cells. Our results strongly suggest that T-2 toxin exposure induces apoptosis in TM3 cells by inhibiting mTORC2/AKT to promote Ca<sup>2+</sup> production.