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Metal-polymer composite components are widely used in aerospace, automotive, and other industries as lightweight composite parts that can result in significant weight savings. Injection-molded direct joining (IMDJ) technology has a broad application prospect for achieving a close connection between metal and polymer without destroying the metal matrix. This study subjected the titanium alloy surface to sandblasting, anodizing, etching, and annealing, resulting in uniformly distributed claw-like nanostructures generated on the surface. This treatment also improved the surface roughness, exhibiting excellent wettability with a contact angle of only 10.7°. The injection-molded direct joining technique was employed to join Ti alloy and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composite components. Tensile testing revealed a bond strength of 33.5 MPa, and analysis of the peeled specimens' residual elements indicated that failure of the composite components occurred in the form of polymer cohesion damage, showcasing excellent bonding effects.