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The study of the “Lusitanian robbery” led to an important research since the late nineteenth century. Nevertheless, and despite a gradual shift in modern historiography towards a more nuanced approach to the origin of the phenomenon, the problem of land still remains a central concern of many historians and archaeological. From a close discussion of the main passages of Livy, Diodorus and Appian especially relating to the relationship that some have sought to establish between lack and / or poverty of the land and development of robbery among the Lusitanians, it gives a review of the socio-economic interpretation.