An Example of Polynomial Expansion: The Reaction of 3(5)-Methyl-1<i>H</i>-Pyrazole with Chloroform and Characterization of the Four Isomers

oleh: Vera L. M. Silva, Artur M. S. Silva, Rosa M. Claramunt, Dionisia Sanz, Lourdes Infantes, Ángela Martínez-López, Felipe Reviriego, Ibon Alkorta, José Elguero

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2019-02-01

Deskripsi

The reaction in phase-transfer catalyzed conditions of 3(5)-methyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrazole with chloroform affords four isomers <b>333</b>, <b>335</b>, <b>355</b> and <b>555</b> in proportions corresponding to the polynomial expansion (a + b)<sup>3</sup>, with a = 0.6 and b = 0.4, a and b being 3-methyl and 5-methyl proportions. The up (<i>u</i>) and down (<i>d</i>) conformation of the pyrazolyl rings with regard to the Csp<sup>3</sup>&#8315;H atom was established by X-ray crystallography and by <sup>1</sup>H-, <sup>13</sup>C- and <sup>15</sup>N-NMR in solution combined with gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAO)/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) calculations. A comparison with other X-ray structures of tris-pyrazolylmethanes was carried out.