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Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with unpredictably increased prevalence of hospital admissions. Self-care is one of the most important aspects of management for patients with CHF. Self-care adequacy has led to increased satisfaction, independence in daily activities, reduced stress, and morbidity. Objectives: We aimed to assess the relationship between self-care behavior and readmission rate in patients with heart failure. Patients and Methods: A total of 287 patients with a diagnosis of systolic CHF with a left ventricular ejection fraction less than 35% admitted for acute heart failure were enrolled. The self-care behavior was assessed using SCHFI questionnaires that have three domains (self-care maintenance, self-care management, and self-care confidence). An acquired score greater than 70 was considered as proper self- care index. The study population was followed over three months after discharge for readmission. Results: This study showed that self-care behavior was improper in our study population. More than 75% of patients had a score less than 70 in the different domains for self-care. The multivariable regression analyses showed a significant relationship between self-care management (ß=1.6, P = 0.006, OR (CI) = 2.66 (137-5.1) and self-care confidence (ß = 0.9, P = 0.02, OR (CI) = 2.01 (1.1-3.68) and readmission rate. Conclusions: We concluded that a good administration program such as education and a surveillance plan for the improvement of self- care behaviors would reduce hospital readmissions in patients with heart failure.