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This research is focused on a comparative field-based study of the population dynamics and sampling methods of two mealybug species, <i>Saccharicoccus sacchari</i> (Cockerell, 1895) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha, Pseudococcidae) and <i>Heliococcus summervillei</i> (Brookes, 1978) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha, Pseudococcidae), in sugarcane (<i>Saccharum</i> sp. hybrids) (f. Poaceae) over consecutive growing seasons. The research monitored and compared the above- and belowground populations and seasonal abundance of these two mealybug species in sugarcane fields in Far North Queensland, with non-destructive sampling techniques of yellow sticky traps, pan traps, and stem traps, and destructive sampling of the whole leaf and whole plant. The results indicated that <i>S. sacchari</i> (n = 29,137) was more abundant and detected throughout the growing season, with population peaks in the mid-season, while <i>H. summervillei</i> (n = 2706) showed peaks of the early-season activity. <i>S. sacchari</i> is primarily located on sugarcane stems and roots, compared to <i>H. summervillei</i>, which is located on leaves and roots. The whole-leaf collection and stem trap were the most effective sampling techniques for quantification of <i>H. summervillei</i> and <i>S. sacchari</i>, respectively. This study enhanced the understanding of <i>S. sacchari</i> and the first-ever record of <i>H. summervillei</i> on sugarcane in Australia and will contribute to the development of more effective pest management strategies.