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The Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais spreads throughout an area equivalent to 6,09% of the State, with a population of 2,029,168 inhabitants, distributed through 142 municipalities, of which 70,23% have less than 10.000 inhabitants and low levels of urbanization. Nowadays, the economy is equivalent to 8,37% of the State’s GDP and approximately 11% of the population. Zona da Mata displays low per capita income, and an economic performance that falls short to its great potentials. Besides, the ongoing economic stagnation together with the lowering of quality of life indexes have exacerbated intra-regional discrepancies. This work explores the geohitory of Zona da Mata Region of Minas Gerais, seeking for historical determinants of current socioeconomic conditions.