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The genus <i>Pogonatum</i> stands out as the most diverse within the family Polytrichaceae, encompassing over 50 species. <i>Pogonatum tahitense</i> has been recorded across various Pacific regions, including Hawaii in the United States and Tahiti in French Polynesia, as well as in Asia, such as in Taiwan in China, Java in Indonesia, and Sabah in Malaysia. In the current study, a specimen collected in Tibet, China, is described, confirming its taxonomic classification as <i>P. tahitense</i> through a comprehensive analysis integrating morphological evidence and molecular study based on sequences from the plastid (<i>rbcL</i>, <i>rps4</i>, <i>trnL-F</i>), mitochondrial (<i>nad5</i>), and nuclear (<i>ITS2</i>) regions. This documentation represents the first record of the species within mainland China. A time-calibrated, molecular-based phylogenetic analysis was conducted, employing various approaches for ancestral range inference. The findings suggest that <i>P. tahitense</i> originated during the Pleistocene epoch, approximately 1.8 mya, in Tibet, China.