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AIM: To investigate the influence and mechanism of blue light on the proliferation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells. <p>METHODS: Cells were divided into two groups, including blue light group and control group. The 35W white light lamp with blue filter was used to establish damaged RPE cell model <i>in vitro</i>. Blue ray wavelength ranged between 470nm and 520nm. And the light intensity was about 2 000Lx. After exposure to blue light, we tested the proliferation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells by CCK-8 kit. And then expression of miR-103 was measured by the real-time PCR. <p>RESULTS: Exposure to blue light inhibited the proliferation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells and increased the expression of miR-103. Moreover, up-regulation of miR-103 inhibited the proliferation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells, and down-regulates miR-103 promoted the proliferation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells. <p>CONCLUSION: Blue light inhibits the proliferation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells by the up-regulation of miR-103.