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A U-Net Approach for InSAR Phase Unwrapping and Denoising
oleh: Sachin Vijay Kumar, Xinyao Sun, Zheng Wang, Ryan Goldsbury, Irene Cheng
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2023-10-01 |
Deskripsi
The interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) imaging technique computes relative distances or surface maps by measuring the absolute phase differences of returned radar signals. The measured phase difference is wrapped in a 2<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>π</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> cycle due to the wave nature of light. Hence, the proper multiple of 2<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>π</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> must be added back during restoration and this process is known as phase unwrapping. The noise and discontinuity present in the wrapped signals pose challenges for error-free unwrapping procedures. Separate denoising and unwrapping algorithms lead to the introduction of additional errors from excessive filtering and changes in the statistical nature of the signal. This can be avoided by joint unwrapping and denoising procedures. In recent years, research efforts have been made using deep-learning-based frameworks, which can learn the complex relationship between the wrapped phase, coherence, and amplitude images to perform better unwrapping than traditional signal processing methods. This research falls predominantly into segmentation- and regression-based unwrapping procedures. The regression-based methods have poor performance while segmentation-based frameworks, like the conventional U-Net, rely on a wrap count estimation strategy with very poor noise immunity. In this paper, we present a two-stage phase unwrapping deep neural network framework based on U-Net, which can jointly unwrap and denoise InSAR phase images. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms related work in the presence of phase noise and discontinuities with a root mean square error (RMSE) of an order of magnitude lower than the others. Our framework exhibits better noise immunity, with a low average RMSE of 0.11.