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Ozone modification method and air-oxidation were used for the surface treatment of polyacrylonitrile(PAN)-based carbon fiber. The surface characteristics of carbon fibers were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The interfacial properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (CF/PA6) composites were investigated by means of the single fiber pull-out tests. As a result, it was found that IFSS values of the composites with ozone treated carbon fiber are increased by 60% compared to that without treatment. XPS results show that ozone treatment increases the amount of carboxyl groups on carbon fiber surface, thus the interfacial adhesion between carbon fiber and PA6 matrix is effectively promoted. The effect of surface treatment of carbon fibers on the tribological properties of CF/PA6 composites was comparatively investigated. Experimental results revealed that surface treatment can effectively improve the wear resistance of CF/PA6.