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The main clinical problems in treatment of oral cancer are tumor recurrence and metastasis after surgery. To improve the efficiency of resection and the prognosis of patients is a key to curing oral cancer. Fluorescence imaging, as an adjuvant in the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer with no invasion and radiation, can provide real-time and ultrahigh-resolution graphics for preoperative tumor diagnosis, intraoperative tumor margin determination and postoperative tumor bed checking, which can help reduce the recurrent rate, enhance the survival rate and improve the life quality of patients. This article reviewed several typical fluorescent probes and discussed their characteristics, limitations and application prospects in clinic or research for oral cancer.