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The presented review concerns the problem of lifestyle changes in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The results of studies highlighting the positive effects of quitting smoking, controlling blood pressure, body weight and cholesterol on the risks of developing cardiovascular diseases and their complications are highlighted. Attention is paid to the principles of the formation of a healthy diet and increased physical activity. The principles of prescribing statins with different categories of cardiovascular risk of the patient with emphasis on the new statin - pitavastatin are indicated.