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Here, we present the results of a large-scale fish rescue prior to the building of flood protection structures along a stretch of the River Svratka running through Brno city centre (Moravia, Czech Republic). During this demanding and unique event, 5,861 fish, with a total weight of 1,951 kg, were caught and successfully transferred downstream. A total of 21 species of fish were recorded, of which two were protected species and two non-native to the Czech Republic. The dominant species caught (i.e. > 10%) were chub (Squalius cephalus), nase (Chondrostoma nasus), roach (Rutilus rutilus) and vimba bream (Vimba vimba), making up 85% of the catch. While this stretch of the Svratka supported a type-specific fish community dominated by rheophilic species, the occurrence of many species was supported through stocking by the Moravian Anglers Association. The length-frequency distribution of individual fish species suggests there has been a lack of recruitment over a relatively long period. This is most likely linked with hydropeaking from the Brno reservoir water power plant, with daily sharp fluctuations in flow in a river channel lacking shallow bankside areas and refuges with slow-flowing water preventing fish fry survival.