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BASIC PENTACYSTEINE (BPC) is a small transcription factor family that functions in diverse growth and development processes in plants. However, the roles of BPCs in plants, especially cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.), in response to abiotic stress and exogenous phytohormones are still unclear. Here, we identified four BPC genes in the cucumber genome, and classified them into two groups according to phylogenetic analysis. We also investigated the gene structures and detected five conserved motifs in these <i>CsBPCs</i>. Tissue expression pattern analysis revealed that the four <i>CsBPCs</i> were expressed ubiquitously in both vegetative and reproductive organs. Additionally, the transcriptional levels of the four <i>CsBPCs</i> were induced by various abiotic stress and hormone treatments. Overexpression of <i>CsBPC2</i> in tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>) inhibited seed germination under saline, polyethylene glycol, and abscisic acid (ABA) conditions. The results suggest that the CsBPC genes may play crucial roles in cucumber growth and development, as well as responses to abiotic stresses and plant hormones. <i>CsBPC2</i> overexpression in tobacco negatively affected seed germination under hyperosmotic conditions. Additionally, <i>CsBPC2</i> functioned in ABA-inhibited seed germination and hypersensitivity to ABA-mediated responses. Our results provide fundamental information for further research on the biological functions of BPCs in development and abiotic stress responses in cucumber and other plant species.