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The effects of load and reciprocating frequency on reciprocating sliding of ZrO 2 /steel, Si 3 N 4 /steel, and SiC/steel under high water-based emulsion lubrication were studied by the ball-block sliding tester, including a series of tribological behavior and wear mechanisms. Through the analysis of the above characteristics, determine the influence of load and frequency on the friction and wear properties of the ceramic/steel friction pair. The results show that with the increase of load, the friction coefficient of the three ceramic friction pairs decreases, and the wear rate increases continuously. With the increase of frequency, the friction coefficients of ZrO 2 /steel and Si 3 N 4 /steel steadily decrease, the friction coefficient of SiC/steel increases slightly, and the wear rates of the three friction pairs decrease continuously. The comprehensive comparison shows that the ZrO 2 /steel friction pair shows the best tribological performance under different working conditions, which is more suitable for the friction pair material of high water-based hydraulic components, and the Si 3 N 4 /steel friction pair shows better wear resistance when the load is above 50 N.