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This contribution discusses the attenuation of microwaves in the atmosphere and applies the results to the conditions in the Czech Republic. The simple CCIR method predicting the rain attenuation is described and the relevant rain intensity as the only meteorological parameter required is presented on a map. Five methods of evaluation of the water vapour attenuation are discussed and compared . Included is also the computation of the zenith water vapour attenuation and its distribution based on the statistical evaluation of real four-year vertical profiles of important meteorological parameters from the Prague station.