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The genus <i>Myzocallis</i> Passerini (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Calaphidinae, Myzocallidini) is a rather primitive group of aphids currently comprising 45 species and 3 subspecies, subdivided into ten subgenera, three of them having a West Palaearctic distribution. The majority of the species inhabit Fagales plants and some of them are considered pests. Despite their ecological interest and the presence of some taxonomic controversies, there are only a few molecular studies on the group. Here, the main aims were to develop a DNA barcodes library for the molecular identification of West Palaearctic <i>Myzocallis</i> species, to evaluate the congruence among their morphological, ecological and DNA-based delimitation, and verify the congruence of the subgeneric subdivision presently adopted by comparing the results with those obtained for other Panaphidini species. These study findings indicate that <i>Myzocallis</i> (<i>Agrioaphis</i>) <i>leclanti,</i> originally described as a subspecies of <i>M</i>. (<i>A</i>.) <i>castanicola</i> and <i>M</i>. (<i>M</i>.) <i>schreiberi</i>, considered as a subspecies of <i>M</i>. (<i>M</i>.) <i>boerneri,</i> should be regarded at a rank of full species, and the subgenera <i>Agrioaphis, Lineomyzocallis, Neomyzocallis</i>, <i>Pasekia</i> were elevated to the rank of genus, while <i>Myzocallis</i> remain as such.