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Objective To compare hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels from serum and explanted native liver samples from patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Methods This was a prospective observational study. Serum and liver samples were collected from consecutive serum anti-HCV-positive transplant recipients between February 2016 to August 2019. HCV RNA was extracted from liver samples and subjected to one-step reverse-transcription qPCR. using the TopScript One Step qRT-PCR Probe Kit with HCV qPCR probe assay and human GAPDH qPCR probe assay on a ViiA7 Real-Time PCR System. Results Among the 80 patients, 36% (29/80) were HCV RNA positive in serum and 85% (68/80) had positive hepatic HCV RNA. Post-liver transplantation, 4% (3/80) patients were serum positive. Conclusions Our study suggests that pre-transplant serum HCV RNA levels may give an underestimate of the number of positive HCV RNA cases and that hepatic HCV RNA data may be more accurate.