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Background and Aims: To examine the roles of microRNAs in the development of colitis, we conducted the RNA-sequencing studies using RNA derived from normal and colitogenic CD4+ T cells. Colitogenic CD4+ T cells demonstrated the increased expression of miR-150. We focused on the involvement of miR-150 in the colitis. Methods: We crossed miR-150 knockout mice and T-cell–specific Rap1KO mice, which is colitis model mice and spontaneously develop the colitis with tubular adenomas in microbiota-dependent manner. Results: MiR-150 silencing completely inhibited the expansion of pathogenic Th17 cells and the development of colitis. Conclusion: MiR-150 is a potential therapeutic target of inflammatory bowel diseases.