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Pedagogical Missions was the name given to one the initiatives of the Spanish Second Republic’s government aimed at transforming the social fabric of the country. For the first time, thanks to these Missions, many Spaniards from rural areas were able to go to the movies, theatre, listen to classical music or gain access to art and literature. These Missions, whose objective was to disseminate culture among adults from rural areas, represented a far-reaching attempt at social and cultural regeneration, and they were taken to several of Spain’s most depressed rural areas, including those in the province of Salamanca. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the type of work carried out by the team that operated in the province of Salamanca. The People’s Museum, the Theatre and the Choir, the traveling libraries … were all initiatives that sowed the seeds of a real philosophy, that of master Cossío.