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Seawater is a complex multicomponent system, which involves varieties of organic, inorganic, dissolved and suspended substances. However, the main components dissolved in seawater are the inorganic salts such as NaCl, MgCl2, KCl, NaHCO3, and MgSO4. These elements make different contributions to the spectra of absorption and scattering in water. In this paper, the spectra of different aqueous solutions were measured in the region from 200 to 1200 nm; the attenuation characteristics of aqueous solutions were studied at wavelengths of 450, 532, and 633 nm, respectively; the relationships between attenuation coefficient and the conductivity in different concentrations were also studied.